Manifested AI Signals Major Shift in Robotics: Brownstone Research Analyzes Tesla's 2025 Automation Strategy

New insights from Brownstone Research explore how Tesla's next-gen humanoid AI could disrupt industrial labor, supply chains, and the $25 trillion robotics economy.

Manifested AI Signals Major Shift in Robotics

Explore the Full Manifested AI Forecast at BrownstoneResearch.com
(Discover how Tesla's next announcement could reshape the robotics economy.)

TL;DR Summary

Brownstone Research has published a new industry outlook on "Manifested AI" - the convergence of artificial intelligence and robotics - with a special focus on Tesla's expected humanoid robotics announcement on July 23, 2025. This release explores how emerging AI-embodied machines could catalyze a $25 trillion global market shift, impact every industrial sector, and permanently alter how businesses and households interact with technology.

In This Report, You'll Discover:

  • What "Manifested AI" really means and how it differs from standard AI

  • Why Brownstone Research believes Tesla's July 2025 announcement could become a historic technology turning point

  • What industries are most likely to benefit from humanoid robotics

  • Which supply chain categories could see exponential demand growth

  • How companies like Tesla, Boston Dynamics, and Figure AI are shaping the robotics landscape

  • What long-term effects this revolution could have on global markets, labor, and policy

What Is Manifested AI? A New Chapter in Intelligent Machines

Manifested AI is a term used to describe the physical embodiment of artificial intelligence in real-world hardware. Where most people associate AI with chatbots, cloud models, or predictive algorithms, manifested AI exists in a tangible form - such as a robot that can see, move, and respond to its environment like a human.

These systems are built with a convergence of core technologies:

  • Neural networks for real-time decision-making

  • Advanced computer vision and spatial awareness

  • Adaptive sensors and physical actuators

  • Mechanical engineering that mimics biological movement

  • Machine learning models trained on multimodal input

In essence, manifested AI bridges the gap between cognition and physical function. These machines don't just compute - they move, interact, and learn within the physical world.

Why It Matters in 2025

The field of robotics is not new, but the AI-infused version of robotics entering 2025 is unlike anything the world has seen. This new generation of machines is:

  • Context-aware (they can understand the environment and adjust)

  • Flexible in function (programmed through software, not just code rewrites)

  • Scalable (thanks to AI-driven mass learning rather than single-task tuning)

The result? Machines that are no longer just tools - they're adaptive systems capable of performing human-level tasks across countless sectors.

Why Brownstone Research Is Watching This Trend Closely

Brownstone Research is known for identifying emerging tech inflection points before they enter the mainstream. Their analysts have covered everything from early-stage biotech to autonomous vehicles and 5G infrastructure. But few technological waves have triggered as much internal focus as the rise of manifested AI.

According to their July 2025 analysis:

"We are entering a decade where intelligent machines will no longer be theoretical. They'll be on factory floors, in hospitals, and in homes - not as software helpers, but as physical co-workers. Tesla's upcoming announcement may prove to be a trigger moment that accelerates global awareness and adoption." - Brownstone Research Editorial Team

In past research cycles, Brownstone has examined early AI, EV supply chains, and the rise of semiconductors. This time, their attention is on the intersection of AI, robotics, and real-world integration, with Tesla as the key catalyst.

Why Tesla's Role Is Different

Tesla is not the first company to attempt humanoid robotics - nor the only one. But what makes Tesla a unique player in this ecosystem is its integrated control over every core technology layer.

Key Advantages Tesla Brings to Manifested AI:

  • AI Training Infrastructure: Tesla's Dojo supercomputer trains neural networks using massive real-world driving data - a process directly transferable to robotics

  • Custom Silicon Chips: The company develops its own AI inference chips optimized for real-time environments

  • Energy Systems: Years of battery and thermal management give Tesla a head start in powering mobile robots

  • Manufacturing Scale: Tesla knows how to go from prototype to mass production - a critical barrier in humanoid robotics

  • Software Update Pipeline: Tesla can push over-the-air updates - an essential need for adaptive machines

This suite of infrastructure allows Tesla to deploy and improve robotics hardware at scale - not in theory, but in practice. According to Brownstone Research, that's why July 23, 2025, has become a milestone to watch.

What to Expect on July 23, 2025

Tesla has not confirmed all details, but insiders and technology analysts - including Brownstone Research - anticipate the following at the July announcement:

  • The official launch of Optimus Gen 3, Tesla's third-generation humanoid robot

  • A rollout plan for mass production, beginning with internal use in Tesla factories

  • Metrics on robotic performance, capabilities, and deployment goals

  • A likely update to the company's neural network architecture for robotics

  • Potential strategic partnerships or component sourcing announcements

This is not simply a tech demo. Brownstone suggests this will be a commitment to scaled deployment, possibly at 12,000 units/year starting in 2026, with ambitious goals of scaling to 100,000+ monthly production by 2028.

Why This Isn't Just About Tesla

Even if Tesla represents the first domino, Brownstone emphasizes that the impact of this event will extend far beyond one company.

Here's why:

  • Tesla's move may legitimize humanoid robotics for investors and enterprises

  • Competing firms will accelerate their own timelines

  • Supply chains (sensors, chips, AI tools) will see massive demand projections

  • Robotics adoption will enter the enterprise mainstream - from logistics to healthcare

It's not just about what Tesla announces. It's about how the entire technology industry will react, and how fast other dominoes will fall.

See How Manifested AI Could Shape the Future of Work at BrownstoneResearch.com
(Industry trends, real-world analysis, and expert breakdowns of Tesla's role in AI robotics.)

Core Technologies Behind Manifested AI

To understand how humanoid robotics can function in the real world, Brownstone Research outlines five key technology domains that serve as the "brain, eyes, nervous system, muscles, and energy" of Manifested AI. These building blocks are what make intelligent embodiment possible in 2025.

1. Neural Network Architecture

At the heart of every AI-powered robot is a neural network - an algorithm that mimics the way human brains process data. Unlike traditional robotics, which follows linear code execution, these networks can:

  • Interpret dynamic data in real time

  • Make decisions based on probabilistic reasoning

  • Learn from past experiences and improve performance

  • Generalize behavior to new environments

Tesla's proprietary Full Self-Driving (FSD) neural networks already analyze billions of miles of driving footage to detect pedestrians, traffic signs, and road edges. These same frameworks can be repurposed for humanoid navigation, object recognition, and multi-step task execution.

"Robots powered by neural networks don't just follow instructions - they adapt," Brownstone Research notes. "That's the critical shift from 1990s factory robots to 2025 humanoid systems."

2. Multimodal Sensor Fusion

For a robot to function in an unpredictable physical environment, it must collect and interpret real-time sensory data from multiple sources. This includes:

  • High-resolution stereo vision cameras

  • Depth sensors and ultrasonic proximity detection

  • LIDAR or radar-based environmental mapping

  • Tactile feedback sensors for grip and collision avoidance

  • Microphones and speech recognition inputs

Brownstone Research emphasizes that the fusion of these data streams into a single coherent "worldview" is what enables robots to make intelligent decisions in motion.

Tesla's extensive work with sensor calibration in its vehicle fleet - coupled with their AI labeling and simulation pipeline - gives them a major edge in this domain.

3. Locomotion and Dexterity Systems

Unlike wheeled bots or robotic arms, humanoid AI systems must walk, balance, reach, and manipulate objects in the human world - often in narrow hallways, cluttered environments, or with soft materials.

Tesla's Optimus prototypes demonstrate:

  • Bi-pedal walking with dynamic stability

  • Articulated joint control for arms and hands

  • Real-time rebalancing and fall recovery

  • Load-bearing for lifting and transporting packages

Their approach mimics the human musculoskeletal system using lightweight composite actuators, torque sensors for pressure regulation, and high-frequency feedback loops for fluid movement.

Brownstone Research points out that robotic dexterity is where most competitors fall short, as it requires simultaneous mastery of mechanics, software, and safety protocols.

4. Onboard AI Processing (Edge Computing)

Instead of offloading computations to the cloud, Tesla's robots process information locally using custom-designed AI chips. This "edge computing" model is critical because:

  • Physical reactions must occur in milliseconds

  • Network latency in cloud-based systems is too slow for real-world safety

  • Constant connectivity cannot be guaranteed in every environment

Tesla's D1 chip - originally built for Dojo training - and its inference engines allow real-time perception, motion planning, and decision logic to occur on-device, ensuring:

  • Faster response times

  • Lower power draw

  • Greater reliability in offline scenarios

Brownstone Research highlights this as one of the most scalable aspects of Tesla's robotics model.

5. Battery and Power Systems

A humanoid robot may consume between 400 to 700 watts of power depending on the task. Powering these machines safely and efficiently - without overheating or weight imbalance - is a major engineering challenge.

Tesla brings:

  • Over a decade of battery R&D

  • Vertical integration of lithium-ion and LFP cells

  • Advanced battery management software

  • Cooling and structural housing technologies

The same Gigafactories that produce Tesla vehicle batteries may soon produce robot battery packs, allowing mass deployment at previously unimaginable cost-efficiency.

Why Tesla's "Full Stack" Strategy Could Accelerate Adoption

Brownstone Research argues that Tesla's unique end-to-end control over every major subsystem of robotics gives it a crucial first-mover advantage.

Most robotics companies rely on:

  • Third-party chips (NVIDIA, Qualcomm)

  • Open-source AI models

  • Purchased batteries

  • Contract manufacturing

  • Cloud-based training platforms

By contrast, Tesla controls:

  • AI architecture (Dojo + FSD stack)

  • Hardware (custom actuators + chassis)

  • Software (proprietary OS, motion logic)

  • Training data (billions of hours from real-world sensors)

  • Manufacturing (global Giga production lines)

  • Distribution (in-house logistics and support)

"It's not just that Tesla is building a robot," says Brownstone Research. "It's that they're building the supply chain, the software ecosystem, the training infrastructure, and the energy systems needed to scale that robot."

Projected Features of Optimus Gen 3

Based on leaks, patent filings, and teardown analysis, Brownstone Research expects Tesla's third-generation humanoid robot to include:

  • Height: 5'8" - 5'10"

  • Weight: 130-160 lbs

  • Payload: Up to 45 lbs

  • Battery Life: 4-6 hours per charge

  • Actuators: 28+ degrees of freedom

  • Connectivity: WiFi, Bluetooth, and fallback mesh networking

  • Interface: Touchscreen, voice commands, gesture control

  • Safety: Redundant limiters, force sensors, fallback protocols

While these features may evolve, they provide a sense of how real-world-ready Tesla's robots aim to be.

Discover the Core Technologies Powering Tesla's Robotics Program
(Explore the full Manifested AI breakdown now available at BrownstoneResearch.com.)

The AI-Enabled Factory: Tesla's Internal Deployment Strategy

Brownstone believes Tesla will first deploy robots inside its own factories, giving them:

  • Real-world task data for faster AI training

  • Safe, structured environments to refine edge cases

  • Vertical feedback loops between R&D and deployment

  • Manufacturing synergy between human and robot labor

Robots may initially assist in:

  • Assembly line support

  • Warehouse movement

  • Quality inspection

  • Repetitive part handling

  • Night-shift operations

This strategy avoids the liability and uncertainty of public spaces while still generating billions of usable training hours for scaling to commercial deployments in 2026 and beyond.

How Optimus Differs from Past Robotics Attempts

Brownstone Research outlines three reasons why Tesla's program stands apart from legacy robotics efforts:

  1. Purpose-Built AI Stack
    Most prior humanoids (e.g., Honda ASIMO, SoftBank Pepper) used rigid programming and lacked the adaptability of modern neural networks. Tesla's bots are designed to learn and evolve.

  2. Scalable Energy Infrastructure
    Most historical robotics platforms failed at power management. Tesla's battery supply chain and cooling tech solve this problem at industrial scale.

  3. Market Timing
    In 2025, the convergence of labor shortages, AI maturity, and declining hardware costs makes humanoid robotics viable for the first time in history.

The Projected $25 Trillion Robotics Opportunity

Brownstone Research's most discussed projection is the potential for the humanoid robotics sector - powered by Manifested AI - to reach a total market value of $25 trillion. While bold, the projection is based on scalable unit economics, mass market applicability, and the fundamental reshaping of labor systems worldwide.

How They Arrived at the $25 Trillion Estimate

The estimate is derived from the following assumptions:

  • A global demand for 1 billion humanoid robots over the next two decades

  • An average unit price of $25,000 (dropping from early pricing over time)

  • Widespread adoption across commercial, industrial, and consumer markets

  • Expansion of entire ecosystems: AI training, robotics components, servicing, software, and maintenance

Brownstone emphasizes that even if adoption reaches only 10% of the projected total, the resulting market value would still exceed $2.5 trillion - rivaling today's entire global automotive industry.

Historical Comparisons: How Big Is This Really?

For perspective:

  • The global smartphone industry is valued at approximately $500 billion annually

  • The personal computer industry peaked at $300 billion in annual revenues

  • The commercial robotics sector (pre-humanoid) is estimated at $70 billion today

A fully integrated humanoid robotics economy would combine hardware, software, servicing, cloud integration, and labor replacement - multiplying its commercial footprint well beyond traditional technology categories.

Key Market Drivers Supporting the Projection

  1. Global labor shortages in manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics

  2. Advancements in AI models that reduce training costs per robot

  3. Rapid miniaturization and cost reduction of sensors and processors

  4. Consumer acceptance of AI-driven products (e.g., Alexa, Roomba, Tesla)

  5. Political appetite for reshoring critical production functions via automation

As of mid-2025, these factors are converging faster than in previous technological cycles.

Sector Disruption: Who Stands to Be Transformed First?

Brownstone Research identifies the sectors likely to be impacted in three major phases:

Phase 1: Industrial & Factory Deployment (2025-2027)

  • Automotive assembly

  • Electronics and battery production

  • Industrial packaging

  • Warehousing and fulfillment

These environments are structured, repetitive, and benefit from 24/7 robotic labor.

Phase 2: Healthcare, Hospitality, and Services (2027-2032)

  • Elder care and physical assistance

  • Hospital logistics and support

  • Hotels and restaurants (room service, cleaning, guest handling)

  • Security and front-desk concierge roles

These jobs require adaptability, emotional intelligence, and safe human interaction - a sweet spot for Manifested AI systems trained on natural language and facial recognition data.

Phase 3: Consumer Adoption (2032 onward)

  • Personal assistants and home robots

  • Elderly companionship

  • Child tutoring and monitoring

  • Smart kitchen and cleaning automation

  • At-home rehabilitation and physical therapy

Consumer use will follow a similar trajectory to personal computers and smartphones - from early adopters to mass household presence over a 10- to 15-year horizon.

Explore Sector-by-Sector Impact at BrownstoneResearch.com
(Read the full robotics economy forecast and disruption timeline.)

Economic Implications Beyond Technology

Brownstone's report doesn't just analyze the hardware - it looks at macroeconomic impacts, too:

1. Labor Displacement vs. Repositioning

While automation raises concerns about job loss, it also creates new categories of employment in:

  • Robot maintenance

  • AI training and oversight

  • Human-robot interface design

  • Ethical regulation and safety testing

  • Logistics, engineering, and QA

Brownstone compares this shift to the industrial revolution - where entire sectors were displaced, but millions of new roles were created.

2. National Infrastructure Shifts

Governments may begin investing in:

  • Robotics deployment incentives

  • Retraining programs for displaced workers

  • AI regulatory frameworks

  • Ethical AI standards and liability structures

  • Tax frameworks for non-human labor productivity

Brownstone's analysis shows that nations leading in robotics deployment may gain a geopolitical edge similar to past technology arms races.

3. Insurance, Legal, and Compliance Structures

As robots enter public and private spaces:

  • Liability will shift toward manufacturers or operators

  • Insurance products will emerge for AI safety and malfunction

  • Compliance will expand beyond GDPR to include movement tracking, voice recording, and behavior modeling

Brownstone urges companies to start developing legal frameworks early - not retroactively.

Geographic Trends: Who Leads, Who Follows

Asia-Pacific

  • Japan and South Korea are already leaders in robotics, aging care, and AI

  • China is accelerating public-private AI robotics investment and production zones

North America

  • The U.S. is poised for leadership via Tesla, Boston Dynamics, and military contracts

  • Brownstone forecasts a robotics boom tied to reshoring and industrial AI deployment

Europe

  • Germany and Scandinavia lead in precision automation and safety testing

  • EU compliance rules may shape global AI behavior standards

Latin America & Africa

  • Leapfrogging risk: These regions may skip legacy industrial phases and go directly to humanoid robotics in logistics and public service

Read the Global Robotics Adoption Map at BrownstoneResearch.com
(Available now with full breakdown of regional manufacturing trends.)

Projected Timeline for Humanoid Robotics Penetration

  • 2025: Factory use begins - Tesla leads with internal deployment

  • 2026-2028: Commercial deployment accelerates - especially in logistics and warehouses

  • 2028-2032: Healthcare and hospitality become major growth verticals

  • 2032-2035: First large-scale consumer robotics products hit mainstream adoption

  • 2035+: Robotics reaches saturation and begins replacing household appliances altogether

The Global Ripple Effect of Manifested AI

As Brownstone Research notes, the rise of humanoid robotics isn't just a technical evolution - it's a global transformation that will influence industrial strategy, labor markets, and geopolitical priorities for decades. Tesla's July 2025 announcement may simply be the first domino in a massive multi-continent shift.

Manufacturing Supply Chains Will Be Redefined

Companies that manufacture robotics-related components will likely see exponential demand over the next 10 years. These include:

  • Semiconductor firms specializing in edge AI chips

  • LIDAR and sensor developers

  • High-torque actuator suppliers

  • Advanced material producers for lightweight frames

  • Battery and thermal management vendors

Brownstone Research forecasts that many of today's niche robotics suppliers may become household names within three to five years, similar to how NVIDIA emerged during the early AI boom.

Training Infrastructure Becomes a National Priority

For humanoid robots to improve, they must be trained on massive datasets - video, language, behavior patterns, and edge-case failure scenarios. Tesla's Dojo system currently leads in this area, but Brownstone anticipates competition emerging in the form of:

  • Government-sponsored training systems (EU, China, U.S.)

  • Publicly regulated AI datasets for safety standardization

  • Private firms building synthetic data simulators for robotics R&D

Much like national space programs in the 1960s, manifested AI training infrastructure may become a metric of national innovation capacity.

Job Markets Will Shift Dramatically

As robots handle more manual and routine roles, job markets will evolve. Brownstone Research forecasts:

  • Short-term resistance in labor-heavy sectors (unions, manufacturing belts, service economies)

  • A medium-term migration toward "robot-adjacent" careers: AI supervision, robotics UX, software training, regulatory compliance, robotics repair

  • Long-term emergence of hybrid work environments where humans and robots collaborate in manufacturing, logistics, and care settings

One surprising finding from Brownstone's interviews with robotics developers: most companies are actively seeking new human-robot cooperation models - not full replacement.

Learn How Robots and Workers May Coexist at BrownstoneResearch.com
(Read the full AI workforce integration report.)

Policy, Regulation, and Ethics Will Lag Then Accelerate

As AI-powered robots become integrated into physical spaces, lawmakers will face growing pressure to create ethical frameworks, including:

  • Rules around facial recognition, audio recording, and privacy

  • Physical safety thresholds (e.g., maximum movement speed or lifting limits)

  • Behavioral guidelines for consumer-facing robots

  • Certification or licensing for humanoid systems in medical or child-care environments

  • Taxation models for robot labor vs. human labor

Brownstone believes the EU is likely to lead in establishing ethical AI policies, with the U.S. following via industry self-regulation unless prompted by major incidents.

Competitive Landscape: Who Else Is Chasing Tesla?

While Tesla may dominate headlines, Brownstone Research highlights several companies poised to compete in the manifested AI revolution.

Boston Dynamics (Hyundai)
Known for its Spot and Atlas robots, Boston Dynamics has unmatched dexterity and balance capabilities. Their Atlas prototype has already demonstrated backflips and complex obstacle navigation.

  • Strength: Physical motion and dynamic control

  • Weakness: Lacks Tesla's software/data ecosystem

  • Current Focus: Logistics and industrial automation

Figure AI
A California-based startup backed by major venture capital. Figure is developing general-purpose humanoid robots for commercial tasks.

  • Strength: Lean, purpose-built team with agility

  • Weakness: Limited manufacturing scale

  • Current Focus: Partnerships with warehouses and logistics firms

Agility Robotics
Makers of the Digit robot, designed for package delivery and back-room retail automation.

  • Strength: Focused on real-world logistics

  • Weakness: B2B niche focus, limited general-purpose ability

  • Current Focus: Amazon pilot projects

Amazon & Google
Both companies have robotics arms focused on warehouse automation, AI assistants, and experimental mobility.

  • Strength: Data, distribution, cloud dominance

  • Weakness: Less focused on humanoid embodiment

  • Current Focus: Assistive robotics and voice-based interfaces

China's Robotics Push
Several Chinese firms are developing humanoid robots for factory and logistics use, often supported by regional government subsidies.

  • Strength: Rapid iteration and government funding

  • Weakness: Limited global trust and export restrictions

  • Current Focus: Domestic manufacturing automation

Key Differentiators for Tesla

According to Brownstone Research, Tesla holds the advantage in three critical areas:

  1. Real-World Data
    Tesla has billions of hours of driving and sensor footage - unmatched for training navigation and object recognition models.

  2. Mass Manufacturing
    The company's experience in producing complex machines at scale gives it a massive head start. Most robotics firms are still at the prototype or small-batch stage.

  3. Unified Hardware/Software Stack
    Tesla designs its own chips, trains its own models, and runs its own firmware. This end-to-end control eliminates latency and integration bottlenecks.

Compare the Leading Robotics Companies at BrownstoneResearch.com
(See the side-by-side chart of Tesla, Boston Dynamics, Figure AI, and more.)

The Race Has Started - But the Finish Line Is Far Away

Brownstone emphasizes that no single company will dominate the entire $25 trillion robotics economy. The sector is too broad and complex - spanning hardware, software, services, ethics, and training infrastructure.

Instead, the next decade will likely unfold as:

  • Tesla leads in full-stack humanoid integration

  • Agile competitors dominate niche roles and early deployments

  • Ecosystem companies (chipmakers, sensor firms, AI platforms) emerge as infrastructure giants

  • Regulators attempt to keep pace with deployment speed

The bottom line?

Tesla's announcement on July 23, 2025, may only be the beginning - but it could change the perception of humanoid robotics from science fiction to inevitability.

Final Takeaways from Brownstone Research's Manifested AI Report

Brownstone Research's analysis of Manifested AI and the anticipated Tesla Shock of 2025 highlights a global inflection point. What was once theoretical is now on the cusp of commercial reality.

Here's what the firm believes matters most:

1. Tesla's July 2025 Announcement Will Mark a Real Shift

The reveal of Optimus Gen 3 - and the corresponding mass production timeline - will legitimize humanoid robotics in the eyes of the industrial world. Much like the 2012 Model S redefined EVs, this event could redefine embodied AI.

2. The Market Opportunity Is Vast - But Not Instant

While the $25 trillion market projection is based on long-term adoption, the early 2025-2030 window will be focused on infrastructure, logistics, and strategic deployment - not consumer availability. Expect phase-based growth, not overnight transformation.

3. Winners Will Be Those Who Build the Ecosystem

Tesla is positioned as a first mover, but Brownstone forecasts that chipmakers, battery suppliers, vision sensor vendors, AI training platforms, and robotics software providers may see just as much upside - or more.

4. Regulation, Public Sentiment, and Safety Will Shape Adoption

The public's comfort with AI, privacy issues, physical safety, and legal frameworks will all influence how fast robots become part of daily life. Brownstone urges companies to engage proactively with lawmakers and ethicists.

5. The Race Has Begun - But the Finish Line Is 10-20 Years Away

As with any frontier technology, the biggest returns may go to those who understand the cycles: hype → investment → infrastructure → saturation → normalization.

See the Full Robotics Trend Forecast at BrownstoneResearch.com
(Learn how this new era of embodied intelligence could transform global technology markets.)

About Brownstone Research

Brownstone Research is a technology trend forecasting firm focused on emerging markets at the intersection of innovation and disruption. Founded by technology futurist Jeff Brown, the firm publishes long-form insights and consumer-accessible reports that decode complex tech developments into actionable analysis.

Brownstone's coverage spans artificial intelligence, robotics, semiconductors, space tech, biotech, and next-generation digital infrastructure.

Disclaimer

This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice, financial recommendations, or the solicitation of any securities. All statements regarding future events, technologies, or economic forecasts are speculative and reflect opinion only. Brownstone Research is not affiliated with Tesla, Inc., Boston Dynamics, Figure AI, or any robotics manufacturer mentioned herein.

Readers are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult appropriate professionals before making any decisions related to technology, finance, or regulatory matters.

The publisher is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from reliance on this content. Use of the provided affiliate links may result in compensation for the publisher, at no additional cost to the reader.

Source: Brownstone Research